What are electric arc furnace ?

Electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that uses the high temperature generated by an electrode arc to smelt ores and metals. Industrial furnaces that generate electric arc heating by graphite electrodes or self-baking electrodes are called electric arc furnaces.

When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is very concentrated, and the temperature of the arc zone is above 3000 ℃. For smelting metals, electric arc furnaces are more flexible than other steelmaking furnaces. They can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment occupies a small area. It is suitable for the smelting of high-quality alloy steel.

Electric arc furnaces can be divided into three-phase electric arc furnaces, consumable electric arc furnaces, single-phase electric arc furnaces and resistance electric arc furnaces according to the arc form. The furnace body of the electric arc steelmaking furnace is composed of a furnace cover, a furnace door, a tapping trough and a furnace body, and the furnace bottom and furnace walls are built with alkaline refractory materials or acid refractory materials. Electric arc steelmaking furnaces are divided into ordinary power electric arc furnaces, high power electric arc furnaces and ultra-high power electric arc furnaces according to the transformer capacity per ton of furnace capacity. Electric arc furnace steelmaking is to input electric energy into the electric arc steelmaking furnace through graphite electrodes, and the electric arc generated between the electrode end and the charge is used as the heat source for steelmaking. The electric arc furnace uses electric energy as the heat source, and the atmosphere in the furnace can be adjusted, which is extremely beneficial to the smelting of steel grades that contain more oxidizable elements. Soon after the invention of electric arc furnace steelmaking, it was used to smelt alloy steel and has been greatly developed.

With the improvement of electric arc furnace equipment and the improvement of smelting technology, the development of electric power industry, the cost of electric arc furnace steelmaking continues to drop. Now electric arc furnace steelmaking is not only used to produce alloy steel, but also used to produce ordinary carbon steel. The proportion of output in the total steel output of major industrial countries continues to rise.

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